Interestingly, the ingestion of a phytochemical-rich diet, including fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a decreased risk of CRC incidence ( Sharma et al., 2010 Sharma, M., Li, L., Celver, J., Killian, C., Kovoor, A., Seeram, N.P., 2010. Effects of hexahydrocurcumin in combination with 5-fluorouracil on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats. Particularly, the genes involved in proliferation and migration were overexpressed in CRC ( Srimuangwong et al., 2012 Srimuangwong, K., Tocharus, C., Tocharus, J., Suksamrarn, A., Chintana, P.Y., 2012. β-Catenin target genes play an ultimate role in tissue homeostasis, and the initiation and progression of CRC through the regulation of various cellular processes, including proliferation, stem cell fate, survival, differentiation, migration and angiogenesis ( Srimuangwong et al., 2012 Srimuangwong, K., Tocharus, C., Tocharus, J., Suksamrarn, A., Chintana, P.Y., 2012. beta-Catenin-mediated signaling: a novel molecular target for chemoprevention with anti-inflammatory substances. ![]() The majority of sporadic forms of CRC harbor genetic alterations in key elements of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling cascade, particularly in Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-Catenin, thereby increasing the transcriptional activity of the latter ( Kundu et al., 2006 Kundu, J.K., Choi, K.Y., Surh, Y.J., 2006. Microrna 130b suppresses migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through downregulation of integrin β1. Recent evidence has shown that the prolonged survival of genetically unstable colorectal epithelial cells, eventually leading to malignant transformation is accompanied by the progressive suppression of apoptosis ( Zhao et al., 2014 Zhao, Y., Miao, G., Li, Y., Isaji, T., Gu, J., Li, J., Qi, R., 2014. The onset and progression of CRC involves unregulated epithelial cell proliferation reflecting accumulated genetic mutations ( Zhao et al., 2014 Zhao, Y., Miao, G., Li, Y., Isaji, T., Gu, J., Li, J., Qi, R., 2014. Because Punica peel extract promotes apoptosis, mitigates inflammation and suppresses tumor cell proliferation in vivo, the potential mechanism underlying these activities might depend on the inhibition of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.Ĭolon cancer Pomegranate Wnt/β-Catenin Inflammation Proliferation ApoptosisĬolorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in terms of incidence ( Zhao et al., 2014 Zhao, Y., Miao, G., Li, Y., Isaji, T., Gu, J., Li, J., Qi, R., 2014. The present study encourages the use of P. ![]() These alterations were consistent with those mediated through 5-fluorouracil. Punica peel extract-treated rats, particularly those treated with a high dose, exhibited a marked reduction in the aforementioned parameters and improved the histological organization of the colon tissue. These results were further supported by the histological findings. Besides, immune-histochemical studies revealed an increase in COX-2, cyclin D1 and survivin content, as well as upregulation of the expression of colonic β-Catenin, K-ras and C-myc genes. ![]() Developed tumor elevated plasma TGF-β, and Bcl2, serum epidermal growth factor, carcinoembryonic antigen, colon cancer specific antigens, and matrix metalloproteinase-7. ![]() Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered N-methylnitrosourea (2 mg in 0.5 ml water/rat) intrarectally three times/week for five weeks to induce colorectal cancer, followed by treatment with either 5-fluorouracil (12.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or Punica peel extract (2.25 or 4.5 g/kg, p.o.). This study aims to elucidate the beneficial effect of Punica granatum L., Lythraceae (pomegranate) peel extract in the management of colon cancer induced intrarectally with N-methylnitrosourea.
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